One billion dollars and an apology: reparations by the United States government for 60,000 surviving Americans of Japanese ancestry imprisoned during World War II without charges, trial or evidence of necessity.1 Redress for lost homes, families, and freedom, for serious harm inflicted by a government upon its own people on account of their race…2
Friend, or Foe or Something Else
- June 9, 2020
- by ERIC K. YAMAMOTO

Associate Professor, William S. Richardson School of Law, University of Hawaii, Manoa; J.D., Boalt Hall, University of California at Berkeley. My thanks to Edie Feldman and
Cathy Takase for their assistance. This article builds upon a shorter essay scheduled for publication in RESTRUCTURING FOR PEACE: CHALLENGES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY (University Press of America 1992)
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