When the delegates met in San Francisco in 1945 to form the United Nations,
one of their primary objectives in creating the Security Council (SC), as an organ of
the United Nations (U.N.), was to ensure that the SC was “placed in a position to act
quickly and effectively.”1 However, the record of the SC has been a far cry from that
aspiration. Instead, it has a long history of logjam, attributed primarily to rivalry
among the permanent, veto-wielding and national-interest-oriented SC members,
and the lack of judicial or General Assembly constraints. Despite these failures, SC’s
collective goal of maintaining international peace and security2 remains noble and
necessary.3 Moreover, more than seventy years since its formation, entire parts of
the world such as Africa and most of Asia remain excluded from SC permanent
membership. This is why scholarship that continues to urge reform of the SC re-
mains relevant. For a more effective and inclusive SC, this article proposes that the
international communities should seize the opportunities presented by changed
