Are Economic Sanctions Effective? Not in North Korea

Sanctions are a tool used by governments and coalitions such as the United Nations to “incentivize change in a target[ country]’s behavior” by making it more costly or difficult for them to engage in that behavior.[1] The United States is particularly effective at levying sanctions since the U.S. dollar is currently the global reserve currency … Read more

Refugee Children: The Challenges They Face and the Efforts to Overcome Them

Introduction In 2018, there were 25.9 million refugees globally- the highest number ever seen.[1] Over half of these refuges are children.[2] The refugee crisis is a global issue that affects more than any one country or region. However, two countries account for nearly half of the child refugees in the world: Syria and Afghanistan.[3] The … Read more

Gathering Migrants at Turkey-Greece Border Indicative of Larger International Problems

While the COVID-19 continues to disrupt the world in the form of travel bans, quarantined cities, and plummeting stock markets, another less recognized crisis is underway in Europe. On February 27th, thirty-three Turkish soldiers were killed in an airstrike in Idlib in north-western Syria.[1] The Russian backed Assad regime justified their attack by stating that … Read more

Anti-Muslim Policies in India Cause Severe Unrest

Large protests have swept the country of India since early December 2019 after the Indian government, led by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), enacted the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) on December 12, 2019.[1] Once largely peaceful protests between Muslim and Hindu groups are now violent clashes between public and private individuals living in … Read more

Data Privacy Protection, Consumer Consensus, and International Regulations

I. International Internet Privacy Concerns Global tech consumers are concerned about the collection and utilization of private data by Big Tech.[1] These concerns in no small part arise from recent instances of consumer data privacy breaches, including the Cambridge Analytica hack,[2] the Equifax breach,[3] YouTube’s violation of the Children’s Online Privacy Act (“COPPA”),[4] etc. Consequently, … Read more

Could A Multilateral Phase-Out Treaty Help Solve the World’s Plastic Pollution Problem?

The globe is facing a plastic pollution problem. Single-use plastics have undoubtedly played an important role in international commercial development, but they now saturate the world’s coastlines and landfills. However, heightened public and private action and overall awareness indicate an increased willingness by the international community to develop the types of sustainable solutions necessary to … Read more

Cultural and Political Nuances of International Human Rights

The perception of international human rights as being “universal” risks oversimplifying the historical traditions that typically inform the manifestation and protection of human rights internationally. This issue is particularly poignant when examining the differences between Western and Eastern cultures: while Enlightenment thinkers played a seminal role in defining conceptions about legitimate rule in the Western … Read more

Investor-State Dispute Resolution: Defining “Qualified Investor” and “Qualified Investment” under ICSID

According to a recent Forbes article, investor-state dispute resolution is one of the “fastest growing areas of international law.”[1] While there are many types on international investment agreements, the most common form is bilateral investment treaties (BIT’s).[2] Countries may enter into BIT’s that permit investor-related disputes to be settled in arbitration between the private party … Read more

Corporate Responsibility in International Law

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), has evolved throughout the 20th century as a means of private governance, where corporations voluntarily hold themselves accountable for their activities under changing social norms.[1] In terms of environmental responsibility, there is a global trend towards the “greening of the industry,” which also aids in steps towards positive public image and … Read more

Human Rights Violations in the Syria Detention Camp: A look at the al-Hol Camp Annex

The detention camp of al-Hol annex in Northeastern Syria is in a state of dire human rights violations. The conditions show violations of provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).[1] Reports have come out … Read more