Bulletin

Climate ligation serves as an enforcement tool by addressing a wide range of issues related to climate change, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (“mitigation”), actions in response to climate change effects (“adaptation”), and compensation for damages or other impacts.[1] Mitigation cases, for example, seek to halt fossil-fuel-based projects and promote renewable energy transitions, … Read more

The rapid growth of space exploration stands as one of the most transformative technological developments of the 21st Century. Successful Mars rover missions and launching of spacecrafts have demonstrated the accelerating pace of space exploration.[1] Nations worldwide are vying for a foothold in this expansive domain, launching satellites, sending spacecraft to the Moon and Mars, … Read more

Introduction: A Crisis Beneath the Soil Across Ghana’s forests and rivers, a silent crisis unfolds—one fueled by desperation, corruption, and the relentless pursuit of gold.[1] Illegal Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (“ASGM”) – known locally as “galamsey”—has left entire landscapes barren and water sources poisoned by mercury.[2] Once-vital rivers are now contaminated, while millions in … Read more

The Freedom of Religion Act of 1978 (“the Act”), also called an “Anti-Conversion Law,” is a dormant law set to be implemented in Arunachal Pradesh, a northeastern state of India.[1] This law aims to prevent conversions of any person’s religious faith by “use of force or by inducement or by any fraudulent means.”[2] The Act … Read more

Introduction “We are all in the same boat… When the Titanic hits the iceberg, everyone sinks.”[1] Climate change presents one of the most urgent global challenges, requiring comprehensive and accurate accounting of greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions. The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is an international treaty aimed at limiting global warming to well below 2°C … Read more

In an effort to suppress El Salvador’s gang violence issue, the country’s president, Nayib Bukele, declared a state of emergency on March 27, 2022, which resulted in the removal of constitutional protections and the deployment of police and military personnel to incarcerate mass amounts of citizens suspected of gang-affiliation.[1] The state of emergency has been … Read more

Institutionalization has served as a prominent source of disability discrimination. In the early days of treatment for mental disabilities, people with disabilities were often institutionalized in government-sanctioned mental hospitals.[1] Perceptions of disability vary greatly between cultures. Western beliefs historically suggested that people with disabilities were “meager, tragic, pitiful individuals unfit and unable to contribute to … Read more

Bilateral Investment Treaties (“BITs”) private rights of actions need reform to be effective. BITs are an assortment of over 2,800 international agreements that provide key legal protections, as negotiated by countries[1]. These protections provide laws and ways to remedy legal wrongs that may not be available to a foreign investor in a host nation.[2] Additionally, … Read more

As climate scientists continue to warn the world that the climate change crisis is worsening each day, several activist groups are pushing to include “ecocide” in the Rome Statute as the fifth international crime.[1] The International Criminal Court (“ICC”) has Article 5 jurisdiction to prosecute “the most serious crimes of concern to the international community … Read more

As “[t]he Arctic is warming twice as fast as anywhere else on Earth,” previously inaccessible natural resources—including oil, natural gas, and rare earth minerals—are becoming more viable for extraction.[1] This shift has prompted countries to look toward the Arctic for economic opportunities and energy security.[2] There is a direct correlation between climate change and resource … Read more