Bulletin

As far back as the legendary Punic Wars, certain armies and warfighters have given their allegiance to a paycheck, rather than a flag or nation.[1] Carthage, the powerful maritime empire, frequently “hired its own swords” to engage in battles on land, as it was a wealthy civilization with a prowess for warfare by sea.[2] The use of … Read more

The territorial dispute over Essequibo, a region in South America claimed by both the bordering nation of Venezuela and its legal holder Guyana, has persisted for more than a century, raising significant legal questions regarding sovereignty.[1] This article examines the legality of Venezuela’s annexation claims over Essequibo and ultimately concludes that such an annexation is illegal … Read more

Human trafficking is a pressing global issue, with millions of individuals falling victim to exploitation and abuse across various regions. According to EUROSTAT, in 2022, over 10,000 people in the European Union (“EU”) were victims of human trafficking (HT).[1] Romania faces significant challenges in addressing human trafficking based on its location within the Schengen Area and … Read more

In 2015, the world watched as 195 countries “joined”[1] the Paris Agreement (“Agreement”)[2] at the United Nations (“UN”) Climate Change Conference (COP21).[3] A new hope emerged that the international community could unite to tackle climate change. However, this hope has swiftly diminished by the actions of party states since the Agreement has been signed.[4] The Agreement lacks sufficient mechanisms … Read more

The devastation of the natural world is no longer a distant concern. A 2022 report from the United Nations Environment Programme (“UNEP”) revealed that human activity is responsible for seventy-five percent of global biodiversity loss, with the Amazon rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef as stark examples of the planet’s deteriorating ecosystems.[1] These are just two … Read more

As Gambia’s parliament voted to reject a bill overturning a 2015 law against female genital mutilation, a 96-year-old woman was convicted of violating the Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) ban.[1] Her conviction is raising the concern that the 2015 legislation in Gambia is doing little to protect young girls.[2] The international community and countries have focused on the … Read more

In light of an ongoing international migration crisis – here with a spotlight trained on Germany and another on the United States (“U.S.”) – comprehensive and humane solutions have proven illusory and volatile. The number of displaced migrants recently rose to 120 million worldwide as of May, 2024.[1] The international discussion surrounding migration and national identity is … Read more

In January 2024, the International Court of Justice applied the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide to the ongoing Israeli actions in the Gaza Strip, after a December 2023 application by South Africa.[1] The South African government ruled that Israel must “take all measures within its power to prevent the … Read more

Instagram’s controversial Terms of Service change in December 2020 was the shot heard by sex workers around the world.[1] The updated terms included a prohibition of sex work promotion, links to pornographic websites, and even “excessive cleavage” from their platform.[2] Users who violated these terms risked having their accounts deleted by Instagram.[3] This content limitation directly affected both … Read more

In the scheme of world politics, international crime is among the variety of pressing issues plaguing society today.[1] The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established by the Rome Statute in 2002 to hold world leaders and war criminals accountable and to combat the most serious crimes.[2] The Rome Statute not only established the ICC but additionally laid … Read more