Bulletin

The newly imposed tariffs by the United States (“U.S.”) in September of 2024 on electric vehicles (EVs) and EV batteries pose a potential opportunity for Western domestic industries to transition away from internationally dominant suppliers. However, tariffs also bring a concern of economic harm in the face of an already limited supply chain. Europe, Canada, … Read more

Introduction The Enhanced Transparency Framework (“ETF”), codified under Article 13 of the Paris Agreement, was designed to standardize greenhouse gas emission reporting and assess countries’ progress toward their Nationally Determined Contributions (“NDC”s).[1] However – despite its ambitious scope – the ETF lacks binding enforcement mechanisms.[2] Operating solely on voluntary compliance and offering no repercussions for inaccuracies … Read more

Social media was originally designed to connect people and facilitate global communication.[1] Over time, it has evolved into a major source of news, shaping public opinion.[2] However, this influence has also been exploited to spread disinformation by both individual users and foreign governments.[3] One prominent example is Russia’s interference in the 2016 United States (“U.S.”) presidential election, where … Read more

In 1966, the United Nations General Assembly recognized a person’s right to an “adequate standard of living,” encompassing the right to adequate housing.[1] Housing availability, however, remains a pressing issue globally, and the framework of land use laws plays a significant role in how countries address this challenge.[2] Japan employs a nationally regulated land use system that … Read more

As far back as the legendary Punic Wars, certain armies and warfighters have given their allegiance to a paycheck, rather than a flag or nation.[1] Carthage, the powerful maritime empire, frequently “hired its own swords” to engage in battles on land, as it was a wealthy civilization with a prowess for warfare by sea.[2] The use of … Read more

The territorial dispute over Essequibo, a region in South America claimed by both the bordering nation of Venezuela and its legal holder Guyana, has persisted for more than a century, raising significant legal questions regarding sovereignty.[1] This article examines the legality of Venezuela’s annexation claims over Essequibo and ultimately concludes that such an annexation is illegal … Read more

Human trafficking is a pressing global issue, with millions of individuals falling victim to exploitation and abuse across various regions. According to EUROSTAT, in 2022, over 10,000 people in the European Union (“EU”) were victims of human trafficking (HT).[1] Romania faces significant challenges in addressing human trafficking based on its location within the Schengen Area and … Read more

In 2015, the world watched as 195 countries “joined”[1] the Paris Agreement (“Agreement”)[2] at the United Nations (“UN”) Climate Change Conference (COP21).[3] A new hope emerged that the international community could unite to tackle climate change. However, this hope has swiftly diminished by the actions of party states since the Agreement has been signed.[4] The Agreement lacks sufficient mechanisms … Read more

The devastation of the natural world is no longer a distant concern. A 2022 report from the United Nations Environment Programme (“UNEP”) revealed that human activity is responsible for seventy-five percent of global biodiversity loss, with the Amazon rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef as stark examples of the planet’s deteriorating ecosystems.[1] These are just two … Read more

As Gambia’s parliament voted to reject a bill overturning a 2015 law against female genital mutilation, a 96-year-old woman was convicted of violating the Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) ban.[1] Her conviction is raising the concern that the 2015 legislation in Gambia is doing little to protect young girls.[2] The international community and countries have focused on the … Read more