Crypto Crime and Punishment: The Case for Stronger International Regulations

For as long as financial systems have existed, criminals have found ways to exploit them. In today’s digital age, cryptocurrency represents the new frontier, bringing innovation, excitement, and, unfortunately, a host of criminal activity.[1] What started as a unique decentralized alternative to traditional banking has become a double-edged sword. It is an instrument of financial … Read more

The Extra-Territorial Impact of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation on United States Businesses

In today’s digital age, data privacy has emerged as a critical concern for governments, businesses, and individuals around the world. As the collection, processing, and storage of personal data becomes increasingly prevalent, jurisdictions worldwide are enacting laws to safeguard consumer information.[1] Among these, the European Union’s (“EU”) General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) stands as one … Read more

Climate Litigation and Accountability: Enforcing Global Commitments Through Domestic and International Law

Climate ligation serves as an enforcement tool by addressing a wide range of issues related to climate change, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (“mitigation”), actions in response to climate change effects (“adaptation”), and compensation for damages or other impacts.[1] Mitigation cases, for example, seek to halt fossil-fuel-based projects and promote renewable energy transitions, … Read more

China’s Contribution to Space Debris and Its Violation of the Outer Space Treaty

The rapid growth of space exploration stands as one of the most transformative technological developments of the 21st Century. Successful Mars rover missions and launching of spacecrafts have demonstrated the accelerating pace of space exploration.[1] Nations worldwide are vying for a foothold in this expansive domain, launching satellites, sending spacecraft to the Moon and Mars, … Read more

Beyond Galamsey: Aligning Ghana’s Response to Illegal Artisanal Gold Mining with International Law and Sustainable Reform

Introduction: A Crisis Beneath the Soil Across Ghana’s forests and rivers, a silent crisis unfolds—one fueled by desperation, corruption, and the relentless pursuit of gold.[1] Illegal Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (“ASGM”) – known locally as “galamsey”—has left entire landscapes barren and water sources poisoned by mercury.[2] Once-vital rivers are now contaminated, while millions in … Read more

The Hidden Climate Cost of War: Accounting for Conflict-Related Emissions in Nationally Determined Contributions

Introduction “We are all in the same boat… When the Titanic hits the iceberg, everyone sinks.”[1] Climate change presents one of the most urgent global challenges, requiring comprehensive and accurate accounting of greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions. The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is an international treaty aimed at limiting global warming to well below 2°C … Read more