Bulletin

In 2016, the European Parliament and European Council adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”),[1] a set of comprehensive data protection rules[2] enshrining seven principles that govern the control and processing of data: (1) lawfulness, fairness and transparency; (2) purpose limitation; (3) data minimization; (4) accuracy; (5) storage limitation; (6) integrity and confidentiality;[3] and (7) accountability.[4]  Data controllers are held accountable through … Read more

On October 7, 2021, Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal (the “Constitutional Court”) issued a ruling declaring that the country’s constitution (the “Constitution”) is a supreme law relative to certain interpretations of article 1 (first and second subparagraphs), article 2, article 4(3), and article 19(1) (second subparagraph) of the Treaty on European Union (the “TEU”).[1] A twelve-judge panel … Read more

The U.S. completely withdrew from Afghanistan on August 30.[1] The weeks leading up to the withdrawal did not go as planned; the Taliban took control of Kabul on August 15, 2021, completing the group’s takeover of the country.[2] While the new Taliban regime may not be able to access the funds Afghanistan’s central bank holds … Read more