Bulletin

Small island nations such as Tuvalu and Kiribati face existential threats from rising sea levels, leading to forced displacement.[1] Unfortunately, current international legal frameworks fail to protect these climate-displaced populations adequately. The 1951 Refugee Convention does not recognize climate migrants, leaving island nations without clear resettlement pathways.[2] As climate change accelerates, rising sea levels threaten … Read more

El Salvador—the smallest Central American country with a population of 6.8 million[1]—is known for its rich culture and tasty foods.[2] However, behind the peaceful volcanoes and landscape lie a slew of controversies that stem from President Nayib Bukele, who has recently been re-elected.[3] After a 2022 gang massacre—which left eighty-seven dead—President Bukele has ruled by … Read more

Introduction Economic sanctions have become a dominant tool in international relations, shaping global conflicts without direct military engagement.[1] Economic sanctions are “the deliberate, government-inspired withdrawal, or threat of withdrawal, of customary trade or financial relations.”[2] These measures are imposed to compel state or non-state actors to comply with international norms.[3] Nevertheless, sanctions frequently lead to … Read more

In an increasingly interconnected world, issues concerning human rights, environmental protection, and global security are often addressed through international treaties and agreements. However, one area that remains under-regulated on a global scale is animal welfare.[1] While individual nations and some regional governing bodies have developed strong frameworks to ensure the humane treatment of animals, there … Read more

February 25th marked the 31st anniversary of the Ibrahimi Mosque Massacre, where Baruch Goldstein, an American settler in Palestine and member of far-right Zionist group, Kach,[1] murdered 29 Palestinians and injured over 125 others.[2] This settler-colonial, racially motivated massacre resulted in Israeli authorities enacting policies rooted in the “principle of separation” between Jewish settlers and … Read more

The tarnished history of Mexico’s judicial system led former President Andrés Manuel López Obrador to propose “Plan C” for judicial reforms on February 5, 2024.[1] The plan includes creating public elections for judges, effective September 15, 2024, which will be implemented in phases.[2] Mexico’s current president, Claudia Sheinbaum, currently backs the reform; thus, Plan C … Read more

In its first ninety days, the second Trump Administration has been determined to pick fights, whether with its closest neighbors in this hemisphere in Latin America or the second-largest national economy on the far side of the globe, even if allegedly only to negotiate a good deal for the United States (“U.S.”).[1] Even before the … Read more

On July 10, 2017, police officers arrived at Gabriel Olivas’s home after his son called 911 to report that his father was suffering from a mental health crisis.[1] After Mr. Olivas doused himself in oil, an officer stated, “[i]f we tase him, he’s going to light on fire.”[2] The two fellow officers ignored his warning, … Read more

For as long as financial systems have existed, criminals have found ways to exploit them. In today’s digital age, cryptocurrency represents the new frontier, bringing innovation, excitement, and, unfortunately, a host of criminal activity.[1] What started as a unique decentralized alternative to traditional banking has become a double-edged sword. It is an instrument of financial … Read more

In today’s digital age, data privacy has emerged as a critical concern for governments, businesses, and individuals around the world. As the collection, processing, and storage of personal data becomes increasingly prevalent, jurisdictions worldwide are enacting laws to safeguard consumer information.[1] Among these, the European Union’s (“EU”) General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) stands as one … Read more